Social value creation is frequently described as the purpose [1] of nonprofits and social enterprises (SE). To fulfil this purpose, SE often rely on business-centric frames, e.g. social value proposition [2] and social investment. Consequently, market-based approaches are increasingly viewed as a key facilitator of social value [3]. With this, study of social value creation has become concerned with questions of resource availability and mobilisation [4].
This shift towards the market broadly corresponds to the way in which SE are viewed – as instrumental tools to fulfil a societal need [5]. While paying attention to instrumental concerns, such as efficiently delivering social services, is necessary for the functioning of SEs [4], too great a focus can sideline the expressive dimension (the normative values, beliefs, and symbolism) of SE [5].
By examining the values, beliefs and symbolism at play in the creation of social value, we aim to identify and discuss the mechanisms involved in social value creation. In doing so, we look to explore how the instrumental and expressive dimensions of SE interact in the process of creating social value.
To facilitate this approach, we rely on an adapted definition of social value co-creation, a perspective of social value creation which views social value as a beneficiary’s subjective perception of improvement. This definition forms the basis of a case study involving semi-structured interviews, which use a realist-based epistemology to trace the subjective experience of social value back the mechanisms which caused it. In doing so, it is hoped the expressive mechanisms driving social value creation can be uncovered.
The research is being conducted at a community-owned rural social enterprise, that is a tourist destination as a historic, functioning lighthouse in Co. Donegal, Ireland. Research questions are geared towards mechanisms of social value creation. This research aims to contribute to social enterprise and nonprofit theory and practice, by demonstrating a repeatable process that SEs can utilise to determine the ‘softer’ mechanisms which drive their social value creation.
This forms the second in a three-paper PhD thesis. Initial work has established a conceptual basis for ‘softer’ social value. Following this, an interview approach was developed to facilitate empirical exploration of SVCC. 14 semi-structured interviews have been completed, in Irish and English. Analysis is undergoing. Research will conclude in Summer 2025.
