Haque, Mohammad Anamul

Bangladesh is renowned as one of the world’s most climate-vulnerable nations, facing profound challenges in agriculture due to climate change. Both technological and institutional innovations are vital for addressing these challenges. Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA) aims to increase agricultural productivity, adapt to climate change, and mitigate greenhouse gas emissions. Despite considerable attention to technological innovations, there's limited literature on institutional innovation. One such institutional innovation is the Common Interest Group (CIG). This study focuses on process and outcome features of participatory governance and to present the effects of institutional structures in a bottom-up manner. It has been combined the Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework and Network of Adjacent Action Situation (NAAS) as coherent approach for analyzing the institutional structures, endogenous and exogenous factors. By scrutinizing institutional structures and considering both exogenous and endogenous factors, the research provides valuable insights into the dynamics of CSA diffusion. Through a comparative analysis of four CIGs with similar mandates, the study uncovers nuances in institutional arrangements and the different degree in the working rules among the four cases. Besides institutions, climate uncertainty and community attributes play an important role for choice and diffusion of CSA technologies. The examination of governance qualities across the cases highlights varying levels of legitimacy, effectiveness, transparency, accountability, and equity. Findings revealed that the legitimacy and effectiveness were medium and high for all cases, while transparency, accountability and equity were low for two cases. However, the study underscores the importance of tailoring CSA interventions to local contexts while addressing institutional deficiencies to ensure their successful implementation and diffusion. This study suggests disseminating context-based CSA technologies by overcoming institutional shortcomings.